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POLELO EA LETONA LA LICHELETE LE
MERALO EA NTŠETSOPELE, DR TIMOTHY THAHANE MABAPI LE
BOIKARABELO BA ‘MUSO POLOKONG EA LICHELETE TSE TSOANG
SECHABENG, KALIMANO LE TŠEBELISO EA TSONA KE LIBANKA, LITSI
TSE LING LE MEKHATLO KAPA MOTHO OFE KAPA OFE EA NANG LE
TUMELLO (LICENCE) E LOKELANG |
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Mohlomphehi
Motsamaisi oa lipuisano,
Litho tse Khabane, le sechaba sa heso ka moka,
Ke leboha sebaka le nako ea ho etsa polelo ena ka mona ka
Ntlong e Khabane ke le Letona la Motlotlehi le ikarabellang
Licheleteng le moruong oa naha le sechaba sa eona.
Kamor’a boithuto bo tebileng ba lilemo tse telele ba
litsebihali, lefatše lohle le ikholisitse hore linaha tse
atlehileng ho ntšetsa moruo oa tsona pele, ho fenya bofuma
le ho theha mesebetsi e mengata e lekanang kholo ea sechaba,
ke tse ileng tsa sebeletsa botsitso, taolo le tsamaiso e
tsepameng ea Libanka le litsi tse ling esita le mekhatlo e
fanang ka litšebeletso tsa polokelo le kalimo ea lichelete.
Boithuto boo bo bontšitse hape hore ho putlama hoa Libanka,
mekhatlo kapa litsi tsa polokelo le kalimo, ho thefula le ho
busetsa moruo oa naha morao haholo ‘me ho etsa hore sechaba
ka kakaretso se lefe litšenyehelo tse boima tsa ho busetsa
litaba malulong. Ho hlokomelehile hape hore ha ho busetsoa
litaba malulong, ke mafutsana a utloang bohloko ho feta
barui.
Re lipaki mona Lesotho hore ho n’tsa libanka kapa litsi tse
seng li kene tebetebeng ea tšebetso e se nang taolo kapa
tsamaiso e ntle, ho nka nako e telele ‘me ho bile ho batla
lichelete tse ngata. Banka ea Lesotho (Lesotho Bank) le
Banka ea Temo (Lesotho Agricultural Development Bank) li ile
tsa putlama ka lichelete tsa sechaba ka ho se sebetse ho
latela melaoana ea tšebetso e beiloeng ke Banka e kholo
(Central Bank). Ho lokisa litaba tsa Libanka tsena tse peli
ho jele ‘Muso chelete e fetang M800 million e tsoileng
likhafeng tsa Basotho.
Ho na le pherekano e bonahalang e le teng sechabeng ea hore
na ‘Muso o cha o tšolang ha sechaba se ipolokela lichelete
tsa sona Libankeng kapa litsing tse ratoang ke sona. Ke
lakatsa ho hlalosa le ho qaqisa ntlha ena lebitsong la
‘Muso.
Boikarabelo ba ‘Muso
‘Muso ha o thibele Mosotho ofe kapa ofe ho isa chelete ea
hae Bankeng kapa setsing sefe kapa sefe se tla mo fa phaello
kapa tsoala e holimo-limo. Etsoe ke takatso le taba-tabelo
ea ‘Muso ho bona Mosotho e mong le e mong a ikhoholotse
mahlaahleleng a bofuma. Ka hona ‘Muso o khothaletsa Basotho
ho ikopanya ho etsa mekhatlo eo ba ka thusanang ka eona ho
boloka matsete le ho kalimana ka lichelete ho phetha mabaka
a bona a kang a ho lefa chelete ea sekolo, ho pata bafu, ho
reka likorosari ka Keresemese, ho rekelana thepa ea lelapa e
kang liphoofolo tse ntlafetseng, lipeo, joalo-joalo.
Empa libanka kapa litsi le mekhatlo e joalo e tšoanela e
ngolisoe hantle ka melao e laolang tšebetso ea Libanka kapa
litsi le mekhatlo eo. Ke hona mona moo ‘Muso o nang le
boikarabelo bo otlolohileng ba ho ngolisa Libanka, litsi le
mekhatlo ka nepo ho latela melao le melaoana ea naha e
fetisitsoeng ke Paramente eona ena. Hape ke boikarabelo ba
‘Muso ho thusa le ho tataisa libanka kapa litsi le mekhatlo
ho etsa ngoliso e nepahetseng le ho kopa Lakesense (licence)
tse nepahetseng; le ho bona hore li fela li etsa khoebo li
ipapisa le melao, ‘me ka hoo li sirelelitse lichelete tsa
sechaba se bolokang ho tsona.
Ha se sepheo kapa eona takatso ea ‘Muso ho bona mekhatlo ea
Basotho e thibeloa ho ngolisa ka mabaka a ho hloka tsebo
kapa eona kutloisiso e nepahetseng ea molao. Ke rata hore ho
hlake hantle le ho tsipa-sehole hore ‘Muso ona o ke ke oa
thibela Libanka kapa litsi le mekhatlo ea Basotho ho ngolisa
ka nepo kapa ho ntšetsa khoebo ea eona ea molao pele. Che!
Seo ‘Muso o se emelang ka maoto ke hore libanka, litsi le
mekhatlo e joalo e ngolise ka molao, e fumane tumello ea
molao (licence) ho etsa khoebo ka lichelete tsa mafutsana,
le ho etsa bonnete ba hore lichelete tseo li sireletsehile.
‘Leihlo ha le fahloe habeli.’ Re se re ile ra bona hampe ha
libanka li putlama ka lichelete tsa sechaba.
Melao ea Ngoliso
Melao e amanang le ngoliso le phano ea mangolo a khoebo
(Licences) ho libanka, litsi le mekhatlo ea polokelo le
kalimo ea lichelete kapa ea lepato la bafu leha ele efe kapa
efe ke ena:
• Financial Institutions Act, 1999
• Societies Act, 1966
• Cooperative Societies Act, 2000
• Money Lenders Act, 1989
• Lesotho Building Finance Institutions Act, 1976
• Insurance Act, 1976
O mong le o mong oa melao ena o fana ka matla ho lekala le
leng la ‘Muso ho laola tšebetso ea litsi kapa mekhatlo e
angoang ke molao oo. Ha re nke Financial Institutions Act
1999 e le mohlala feela:
Financial Institutions Act 1999 e fa Central Bank matla a ho
fa libanka mangolo a khoebo le ho laola tšebetso ea tsona. E
bile e e fa matla a ho sireletsa lichelete tsa sechaba tse
bolokiloeng ho tsona. Le ho bona hore kalimo tsa lichelete
tsena tsa sechaba li etsoa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng hoo
libanka li ke keng tsa hloleha ho buseletsa beng ba
lichelete ha ba li hloka.
Ho qoba mathata ana le a mang, Mookameli oa Banka e kholo, a
roetse katiba ea Commissioner of Financial Institutions, o
fetisitse melaoana (regulations) e latelang ea tsamaiso ea
tšebetso:
• Financial Institutions (Risk-based Capital Requirements)
Regulations 1999
• Financial Institution (Loan Portfolio Classification)
Regulations 1999
• Financial Institutions (Licensing Requirements)
Regulations 1999
• Financial Institutions (Lending Limits) Regulations 1999
• Financial Institutions (Internal Controls Systems)
Regulations 2000
• Financial Institutions (Liquidity Requirements)
Regulations 2000
• Financial Institutions (Anti-Money Laundering) Guidelines
• Financial Institutions (Appeal) Regulations 2001
• Financial Institutions (Ancillary Financial Service
Providers Licensing Requirements) Regulations 2003
Ke lakatsa ho etsa tlhakiso ka ho nka mehlala ea melaoana e
meraro feela.
“Licensing Requirements Regulations”
Melaoana ena e fana ka lintlha tsohle tseo banka e
tšoanelang ho li phetha kapa ho ba le tsona hore e tle e
fuoe licence ea ho etsa khoebo Lesotho.
Risk-Based Capital Requirements Regulations
Ena melaoana e reretsoe ho tšireletsa batho ba tlisitseng
lichelete tsa bona polokelong ka ho ikhotsofatsa hore banka
e na le letsete le lekaneng ho tšelisa baboloki ha banka e
ka ea oa. Hona ho tiisa tšepo ea sechaba ho banka. Ke ka
hona Libanka li hlokoang ho beha ho Central Bank letsete le
itseng la chelete leo e sa le thetseng ntle le ha mathata a
le teng. Linaha tse ling tsona li tlatseletsa ka ho bitsoang
“Deposit Insurance Scheme”. Ha banka e ka putlama insurance
ena e lefa motho e mong le e mong ea bolokileng bankeng eo
ho fihlela moeling o itseng.
Financial Institutions (Liquidity Requirements) Regulations
Melaoana ena e etsa hore banka e fe baboloki chelete hang
hang ha ba e batla. Hona ke tsela ea ho tsamaisa khoebo ea
banka ka hloko.
Central Bank e phethahatsa melaoana ena ka ho romella
litsebi tsa eona ho hlahloba libanka hore na li fela li ntse
li e phethisa ‘me ha li sa e phethise e thusana le
botsamaisi ba banka eo ho lokisa litaba kapa ho fana ka
kotlo e lokelang.
Ka tumello ea Boliba Cooperative Society, nka hlalosa hore
Central Bank e ntse e sebetsa le botsamaisi ho bo thusa ka
boeletsi hore bo tle bo tsebe ho fihlela boemo ba ho kopa
lakesense ea banka. Hape ka tumello ea botsamaisi ba MKM
Burial Society, Central Bank haesale e sebetsa le bona ka
boeletsi ba ho matlafatsa litšebeletso tsa MKM le ho ngolisa
tse ling tlas’a molao oa insurance. Ka hona hase ‘nete ho
hang hore ‘Muso ka Letona la Lichelete, kapa ka Mookameli oa
Central Bank o let’solong la ho koala tšebetso ea mekhatlo
ena e ‘meli, e leng Boliba Cooperatives Society le MK Burial
Society. Seo e leng ‘nete ke hore ‘Muso o tsitlalletse hore
mekhatlo ena e ‘meli e ikamahanye le melao ea naha le ea
machaba e laolang poloko le kalimo ea lichelete.
Mathetho
Ke rata ho qetella ka ho pheta boikarabelo le sepheo sa
‘Muso kholisong ea moruo oa naha le toantšong ea bofuma ka
hore ke taba-tabelo ea ‘Muso hore lichelete tsa naha li be
le tšireletso e tla khothaletsa bo Ramatsete ba Basotho le
ba melata ho tsetela Lesotho. Sepheo le boikarabelo ba ‘Muso
hape ke ho bona hore lichelete tsa sechaba lia sireletseha;
libanka le litsi e sita le mekhatlo li ngolisoa tlas’a melao
e nepahetseng ‘me li phethisa litšepiso tsa tsona sechabeng.
Ha se sepheo kapa boikemisetso ba ‘Muso kapa ba Mookameli oa
Central Bank e le mophethahatsi oa melao le melaoana e
tsamaisang lichelete ho sitisa kapa ho thibela banka, setsi
le mokhatlo ofe kapa ofe ho etsa khoebo ea eona e
lumeletsoeng ka molao. Ke boikarabelo ba ‘Muso ka lekala la
Lichelete le Central Bank ho sireletsa leruonyana la Mosotho
e mong le e mong ka ho sebelisana le botsamaisi ba libanka,
litsi le mekhatlo ho bona hore e ea hola, e ea tiea ‘me ha e
thekeselisoe ke tsamaiso e se nang chebelopele kapa e ntseng
e qaputsa mona le mane e lelekisa tšepe ea seisa none.
Khotso!
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